European and Asian markets took a beating Thursday, while the dollar tumbled a day after Wall Street suffered one of its worst batterings in two years over recession fears amid decades-high inflation.

Downcast earnings reports from retailers have heightened worries about consumer resilience at a time of rising interest rates, surging energy prices, China lockdowns and the Ukraine war.

Wall Street experienced another losing session after several efforts at jump-starting a rally floundered. The broad-based S&P 500 finished down 0.6 percent.

“Inflation is catching up and profit margins are taking a hit. Soon enough though, those higher costs will continue to be passed on and consumers will stop dipping into savings and start being more careful with their spending,” said Craig Erlam, senior market analyst at OANDA.

“The question is whether we’re going to see a slowdown or a recession,” he said.

Leading European and Asian stock indices closed in the red.

Major US indices had plunged more than three percent Wednesday after back-to-back earnings misses from Walmart and Target revealed difficulties managing rising costs.

“It’s one thing when strategists talk about it, but it’s another thing, when you actually hear from companies that they were having difficulties with higher prices, without being able to pass along” higher prices to consumers, said Quincy Krosby, chief equity strategist of LPL Financial, who noted that markets are still not convinced inflation has peaked.

Michael Hewson, chief market analyst at CMC Markets, said the US dollar suffered as well on Thursday, “driven by lower yields as concerns grow about the resilience of the US economy over the course of the rest of the year.”

In some of his most hawkish remarks to date, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell this week said the US central bank would raise interest rates until there is “clear and convincing” evidence that inflation is in retreat.

But higher borrowing costs increase debt, heaping further pressure on consumers and businesses.

The United States is facing the fastest inflation in four decades, as is Britain, causing the Bank of England to also raise interest rates.

Key figures at around 2030 GMT

New York – Dow: DOWN 0.8 percent at 31,253.13 (close)

New York – S&P 500: DOWN 0.6 percent at 3,900.79 (close)

New York – Nasdaq: DOWN 0.3 percent at 11,388.50 (close)

London – FTSE 100: DOWN 1.8 percent at 7,302.74 (close)

Frankfurt – DAX: DOWN 0.9 percent at 13,882.30 (close)

Paris – CAC 40: DOWN 1.3 percent at 6,272.71 (close)

EURO STOXX 50: DOWN 1.4 percent at 3,640.55 (close)

Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: DOWN 2.5 percent at 20,120.60 (close)

Shanghai – Composite: UP 0.4 percent at 3,096.96 (close)

Tokyo – Nikkei 225: DOWN 1.9 percent at 26,402.84 (close)

Brent North Sea crude: UP 2.7 percent at $112.04 per barrel

West Texas Intermediate: UP 2.4 percent at $112.21 per barrel

Euro/dollar: UP at $1.0586 from $1.0464 at 2100 GMT Wednesday

Pound/dollar: UP at $1.2473 from $1.2341

Euro/pound: UP at 84.84 pence from 84.79 pence

Dollar/yen: DOWN at 127.80 yen from 128.23